Brown, Ford Madox (1821-1893) , English painter, who influenced and was associated with the Pre-Raphaelite group. Born in Calais, France, he studied art in Antwerp, Belgium, and opened a studio in London about 1846. He is noted chiefly for historical and literary paintings distinguished by vivid color, a decorative sense, and accurate detail in costumes and settings. These characteristics reflect his sympathy with the aims of the Pre-Raphaelites, although he was never one of them. Among his best-known works are The Last of England (1855, City Museum and Art Gallery, Birmingham), Christ Washing Saint Peter's Feet (1852, National Gallery, London), and 12 murals for the Town Hall of Manchester depicting the history of that city.