Dix, Otto (1891-1969), German painter and etcher, who was a leader of social realism in Germany after World War I. Horrified by the brutalities of gas and trench warfare, he pictured them with merciless clarity in War (1924), a series of 50 etchings. As a leader of the Neue Sachlichkeit ("new objectivity") movement, he expressed his disgust with the social injustice of postwar Germany in bitterly satirical works, in which strained contours and sour colors create a feeling of bluntly repellent realism.